Researchers at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities (U of M) may have discovered a new practical and cost-effective way to clean up PFAS-contaminated groundwater. PFAS (per- and poly fluoroalkyl substances), often called “forever chemicals,” are human-made substances that don’t easily break down and can accumulate in drinking water and the environment.
The U of M study tested a polymer-stabilized activated carbon sorbent (CCP) that can be injected directly into aquifers. Acting like an underground filter, it soaks up PFAS and dramatically reduces contamination in both laboratory and field trials. Unlike traditional “pump-and-treat” systems, CCP is much less expensive to operate over the long term. The treatment shows promise for removing both long-chain and short-chain PFAS, including the forms that are usually most difficult to capture.
Minnesota has long been a leader in tackling PFAS contamination. The State previously sued 3M over improper disposal of the chemicals and proceeds from the resulting $850 million settlement help cover cleanup costs. The State has also passed new laws restricting PFAS in everyday products. The first phase of “Amara’s Law” took effect on January 1, 2025, banning PFAS in household items such as carpets, cleaning products, cookware, and cosmetics. Reporting requirements on remaining PFAS use begin in 2026, and by 2032, nonessential use of PFAS in products will be prohibited across the State.
U of M researchers say the injectable CCP system could be a significant breakthrough in efforts to address PFAS contamination. For readers interested in the technical details and field results, the full study is available through the University of Minnesota and ScienceDirect.